A Comparison between British and Indian Political Party Systems Essay

It is a cardinal truth that party framework has now become an indivisible piece of the political custom of any nation. Be that as it may, because of the distinctions in discernment, values, standpoint, convictions, culture, party framework changes from nation to nation. Accordingly, a few nations are ruled by a solitary gathering, some others host built up a two-get-together framework, yet others host advanced a multi-get-together one. Obviously an examination among India and Britain will make the issue perfectly clear. India had been under the British standard of almost two centuries and, consequently, it was truly expected that they would have some essential likenesses in political framework and structure. In any case, actually, their political framework has caused strange dissimilarities in commonsense legislative issues.  â â â â â â â â â â First, British custom has shown the government officials the estimation of resilience and participation. So the Opposition concurs that the Government, because of its greater part support, controls the country and the Government, in its turn, concede that the Opposition has the natural option to scrutinize it. This between play between the Government and the Opposition is the life-blood of the British legislative issues. â€Å"If the Opposition continually impeded and the Government reliably opposed it, the tyranny of the larger part would before long be established† (Jennings, 88). In this sense, he composes that the Opposition is a basic piece of the political framework. Sir William Harcourt had, in any case, called attention to that â€Å"The capacity of the Opposition is to contradict the Government† (p. 78). In any case, Sir Jennings has suitably demonstrated the imprudence of such dispute. As indicated by him, the genuine capacity of the resistance is to contradict an inappropriate arrangement of the Government and to help its valuable activities. This is the reason regularly the Prime Minister and the restriction head get together and examine the issues of open significance. They even attempt to detail normal approach and draft the Bills based on an understanding. In this association, Sir Jennings watches, â€Å"Many proposition of the Government are not restricted, on the grounds that there is general agreement† (p. 89). During two World Wars, two significant gatherings sunk their disparities and cooperated through the War-Cabinet. In any event, during the harmony time, they come closer so as to battle out national emergency. Along these lines, when in 1931, the Labor Prime Minister, Mr. Ramsay MacDonald, â€Å"†¦intended to leave because of a split in his gathering, the bureau was spared by the Conservative Party which went along with it so as to deflect a protected emergency (Majumder, p. 375). This ‘National Government’ worked till 1936 with no interior emergency and it obviously shows that the political culture of Britain has shown the pioneers to join during any national emergency. At times, the perspective of two diverse ideological groups was inverse. In any case, the Prime Minister permitted the Conservative Ministers to communicate their own view. This is known as ‘Agreement to Differ’.  â â â â â â â â â â But political framework in India is very extraordinary. The Government barely tunes in to the Opposition and the later, in its turn, is never well disposed to it. While the previous relies on it animal lion's share, the later is relied on an approach of block. The conversations in the Parliament, in this manner, regularly become a â€Å"worse than a grade school debate† (Sikri, p. 184). The restriction chiefs are now and then captured or mishandled or mortified in an uncouth way. Truth be told, legislative issues of intensity in India has tossed the Government and the restriction to two threatening camps and nothing is by all accounts vile in such tussle. For instance, in 1999, the Central Government was expelled by one vote in an appalling way. Be that as it may, the gatherings in the restriction which joined so as to topple the Cabinet, couldn't tie okay with shaping another one. Correspondingly, the Central Government of each political shading has luxuriously utilized Art 356 of the constitution with the end goal of excusing the state governments framed by the rivals. Along these lines, somewhere in the range of 1950 and 1996, such President’s Rule was declared multiple times for political reasons (Source: Lok-Sabha Secretariat, India). In this sense, it very well may be held that the focal weapon has been more mishandled than utilized. At the end of the day, a sacred, lacuna has regularly been abused by the force mongers at the Center so as to allow the rivals to down. Furthermore, the British political framework has likewise persuaded the pioneers to give more significance to open help than to party intrigue or individual increases. In this manner, in 1923, Bonar Law, the Prime Minister, surrendered on grounds of wellbeing. In any case, in India, the pioneers are progressively worried about force †they are set up to hold or grab it by means, foul or reasonable. On the off chance that they can catch power, they attempt to adhere to it till death or destruction. It is to be recalled that in 1834, Lord Melbourne, the British Prime Minister endured a difficulty because of a split in his gathering. He at that point asked the King, William IV, regardless of whether he would stay in his office. Following up on the regal exhortation, he really ventured down. In any case, in India, neither a Prime Minister nor a Chief Minister stops his office along these lines. It also proposes that political framework in India is very extraordinary. Thirdly, Britain hosts a two-get-together framework. Nonetheless, Ogg concedes that, â€Å"†¦besides the Conservative party and the Labor Party, there are additionally the Liberals† (p. 552). In any case, truth be told, the nonconformists became dim during the nineteen thirties. Be that as it may, in India is a multi-party framework. In 1991, 445 gatherings enrolled their names with the Election Commission. Genuine that, toward the start, the Congress commanded the political scene and, therefore G. Austin held that, â€Å"The Congress was India and India was the Congress† (p. 8). Really, India hosted â€Å"one-predominant get-together system† (Morris-Jones, p. 174). In any case, continuously, different gatherings dependent on religion, area, localism, language, rank, statement of faith and individual aspiration came up in fast advancement. Truth be told, the â€Å"†¦diversities of populace have now made a pluralistic culture and this mushroom development of ideological groups has influenced Indian solidarity in a disturbing way† (Rout, p. 200). Fourthly, the facts demonstrate that on events, the British chiefs like Robert Peel, J. Chamberlain and W. Churchill abandoned from their gathering. Be that as it may, such absconding was persuaded by grandiose optimism and not by close to home desire and gathering trustworthiness. Be that as it may, in India, absconding has become an exceptionally productive business. Among March and April of 1969 upwards of 550 administrators crossed the floor and as some of them did it on a few events, the quantity of such absconding at last came to more than one thousand. Some of them even changed their loyalties from times inside a month. So Dr. Kashyap has appropriately seen that such â€Å"large-scale abandonment has regularly come about in the high points and low points of the Cabinets† (p. 6). Sixthly, while open inclusion in the political race in Britain has made it a mainstream popular government, India is, in this regard, lingering a long ways behind. In Britain, 80-90 percent individuals cast their votes, since they realize that casting a ballot is the premise of aberrant vote based system. Yet, political framework in India is wretchedly in any case. In 1984, the level of mainstream interest in political race in India rose to 64, yet regularly it stays beneath 62 and in 1962, it boiled down to 55 percent. Additionally, this rate depends on immense number of bogus votes. â€Å"While British surveys reflect trustworthiness and virtue of direction, decisions in India have become an expensive furze. Catching of stalls, utilization of outfitted crooks and dacoits, control in the voter-list, plundering of polling form papers, etc have become basic pieces of election† (Kapur, p. 425). Seventhly, India has likewise neglected to acknowledge the possibility of nonpartisan speaker-transport which is a significant part of British political custom. â€Å"He is, as close as a person can be, impartial† (Finer, p. 475). In this way, when he takes the seat, he removes all associations with his gathering and goes about as the non-factional director of the House of Commons. However, the speakers in India remain party-men and they regularly give their decisions to their greatest advantage. In this way, Dr. Run has appropriately commented, â€Å"We have not had the option to arrive at the standard of lack of approachability winning in this issue in England† (Dash, p. 262). Last, however not the least, the British political framework doesn't, using any and all means, concede debasement or turpitude with respect to Ministers or Leaders. Solid popular conclusion has consistently denounced such undertakings and, on events, Mr. Profumo and Mr. Parkinson need to leave the Cabinet. Be that as it may, in India, an individual with almost twelve criminal accusations can be and stay in the Cabinet. Most oddly, even the individuals of the nation don't trouble much with such appalling undertakings. Gathering, Government and the People In present day times, the gathering framework is a fundamental piece of political life. Be that as it may, in the authoritarian framework, a specific ideological group consumes all political force, since it is basically a one-party rule (Neumann, p. 244).  â â â â â â â â â â But, in a law based framework like India and Britain, the administration is shaped by the individuals and it is keyed to general sentiment. Thus, the ideological groups keep up a connection between the administration and the electorate. Truth be told, they keep the national life strategically (Agarwal, p. 386). Majority rule government implies the standard of the individuals and as they are guided by the ideological groups, political life veers around the gathering framework. â€Å"It is the electorate who decides the type of Government and picks who guide and direct its affairs† (Garner, p. 495)  â â â â â â â â â â But in practical contemplations, individuals scarcely become consistent †there are clashing thoughts and interests. â€Å"It

Shrek :: essays papers

Shrek Winged serpent on Shrek Routinely present day draw connect or the exemplary board overpass†¦oh and shouldn't something be said about this engineered overpass model? Recollect what the princess stated, â€Å"Keep it simple†, so perhaps no engineered overpass, for the present at any rate. Really awful none of her admirers are man enough to meander over that old shaky passing snare of a scaffold that is now out there, darn aristocrats don’t even come around however once every decade in any case, I don’t see why I need to make them an extension to expand their odds of taking my princess. Indeed, I wonder on the off chance that they even recognize what they are getting themselves into. That young lady, high support, what number of individuals could tolerate†¦. â€Å"Dragooonnneeee† I abhor it when she does that, doesn’t she understand that winged serpents have profoundly touchy eardrums. Off to the chamber I go, must she call me when I simply start another venture? Attempting to fix that old scaffold over the magma pit is no cakewalk I trust she realizes†¦ †¦Ah truly, I recollect where I put that additional rope, it’s in the cellar close to the stay with the gold†¦ †¦Ã¢â‚¬Å"Hang on, I’m coming† schess, that princess demonstrations like a well†¦ like a princess†¦ however she could consider dropping the demonstration any day soon. All things considered, she will miss me if her sovereign ever transporters her away†¦he ha ha†¦she be so old at that point that in the event that somebody came to protect her from my shrewd fire they will take one gander at her and unobtrusively escape the back canal connect like a child winged serpent with his sharp little humiliated. â€Å"What’s up Prissy?† hah, she detests it when I call her that. â€Å"I detest it when you call me that† ah goodness, is that smile all over? That's right, unmistakable smile, I know I’ve recorded that look in the â€Å"up to no good† organizer, cautioning, cautioning. â€Å"Could you get me a few tomatoes and a head of lettuce for tonight’s dinner. Get them out of the back nursery in the event that you could if it's not too much trouble yet no hurry†. Was that a flash of naughtiness or simply the setting sun pulling pranks on my eyes, and what is this no rush stuff, it positively appeared to be critical one moment ago?â€Å"Yah, yah, yah, sure. Hello, did you get your letter that came by means of vultureculture express, I left it on the table in the eating corridor, figured you would see it† she appears to be somewhat uneasy, keeping away from eye to eye connection, murmur, who was that letter from?

American Economy 1940-1950 Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

American Economy 1940-1950 - Assignment Example I picked this decade on account of the World War II, and I can undoubtedly show how it changed the economy of the American individuals (Jay 23). This decade was huge in making the United States of America the super force nation in the economy and makes the nation stable strategically, financially, socially, and furthermore, the innovation of the nation was being created at an abnormally high rate. After the war, the American men, originated from war they had seen a few occasions in the outside world. They have seen the significance of instruction and how training had assisted with creating different nations well. The dark individuals in the United States were then acknowledged to go to class and further their examinations. They were permitted to attend a university and get degrees and build up their insight about things in the mainland. Simultaneously, women were additionally getting a charge out of autonomy since they didn't need to work at home constantly, they were permitted to go to class and obtain training that would then assistance them to land positions. This enormously affected the American economy since more individuals were found out and things were being done in an increasingly socialized manner (Jay 45). The piece drives for steel, paper, and elastic turned into a wellspring of supporting the war in America. In the year, 1942, the vehicle creation was halted because of war issues, and the food was proportioned in the year1943. As the war proceeded, a few financial patterns rose in the United States; the American soldiers were picking up understanding of the war and they were overcoming the adversary troops. Before long United States of America turned into the super force after the Japanese bombarding in 1945. Albeit still, United States was being tested and contradicted by the USSR still they had the lead of the war, and they had the state about what was to occur. This thusly, caused American individuals to turn out to be persevering so they could stand to deal with their status as a main nation on the planet. The United States executed an arrangement that was known as the Marshall plan. The plans fundamental target was to help the nations that were increasingly influenced during the war to recapture their financial status and reconstruct their nation. Simultaneously, the arrangement was to help in settling the world financial levels. Be that as it may, this couldn't occur since there were debates that emerged over the belief system to modify the war torn nations and improve the status of the world economy. This at that point prompted the ascent of the virus war and the socialism (Jay 65). After the American saints had get back, they understood the force and preference that thus helped them to social liberties changes that was to happen in the following decades. The servicemen’s’ correction Act guaranteed that the war warriors were taken to school, and that they were given nature of instruction. In the 1949, num erous degrees were presented more than 1940. This thusly, implied, the degrees of taught individuals had risen and that there were greater work openings that were made in the nation. This expanded the pay incomes for the focal government and had an effect in the economy of the United States. TV which had made its first advancement in the 1939 war issue, yet was hindered by World War II made another return 1947. The business TV had in excess of thirteen channels and was made open. Individuals began to create PCs in the mid forties. The principal PC was computerized it was called ENIAC and it gauged in excess of 29 tons

Good Country People by Flannery OConnor Characterization as Theme Essay

Great Country People by Flannery OConnor Characterization as Theme The Depth of Hulga?s Despair Portrayal is the most pervasive part utilized for the improvement of topics in Flannery O?Connor?s mocking short story ?Good Country People.? O?Connor masterfully develops character advancement all through her story as a methods for making staggered subjects that finish in purposeful anecdote. Despite the fact that the subjects are free of one another, the characters are not; the improvement of one character is reliant upon the advancement of another. Each character?s sentiments and conduct are affected by the conduct of the others. Happiness/Hulga, as the story?s primary character, is the independently most huge character to the topics of this story. She is described as splendid and scholastically complex, yet naã ¯ve to the emotions and inspirations of others. Unexpectedly, Hulga has a Ph.D. in theory, yet she has a tight perspective on her reality and no knowledge into different people?s genuine character. This difference in Hulga?s character is the subject of one of the story?s topics: scholastic information isn't to be mistaken for sound judgment. O?Connor keeps on building up topic through her portrayal of Hulga. She depicts Hulga as being critical about the world and the individuals she knows. The incongruity here is that she considers these to be as being basic ?nation individuals,? she doesn?t consider them to be they really are, loaded with shrouded emotions and inspirations. She sees herself as better than her mom, Mrs. Hopewell, and her mother?s inhabitant, Mrs. Freeman. Her assessment of different characters as not as much as herself, on account of their propensity to see their reality through the eyes of southern ladies, limits Hulga?s cooperation with them. She... ...thinks about her and in this way supports her into letting down her watchman and confiding in him. This becomes Hulga?s defeat and the most significant subject of O?Connor?s story: individuals aren?t consistently what they show up or ?you can?t pass judgment flippantly.? Her narcissism permits Manley to convince her to expel her leg. He gets it and escapes with it, yet not before telling her that he has stabbed her in the back. O?Connor?s exhaustive character advancement drives her perusers into carelessly judging Hulga as better than different characters in her story. She makes this a stride further in her advancement of Manley Pointer as a blameless. Through this turn of events, O?Connor hushes her perusers into generalizing the characters into the personas she needs them to see. Hulga?s revelation is topical. A definitive incongruity is that not exclusively is Hulga tricked by Manley, her perusers are as well.

On time plz Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

On time plz - Essay Example Bosses and administrators are under the extent of duties of HR experts to the extent that directing the achievement of their individual assignments considering the general achievement of hierarchical objectives. An occupation is a gathering of positions having comparable or related obligations and duties. The undertakings and duties of each gathering are unmistakably not the same as those of different gatherings. (Martires 446) Before employing laborers, accessible occupations must be ordered and relating work data depicted for the most part as far as obligations and duties. The idea of culture in association is basic since it impacts the way of thinking and practices of the board which works through individuals. It is fundamental that administrators comprehend the people’s values, convictions, needs and inspiration. Overseeing corporate culture is an expertise which each top official ought to learn since culture change is a mind boggling and long procedure including composed endeavors by top authority which is entirely obvious to their subordinates. Officials must change their conduct and through job demonstrating impart signs to their constituents. On the off chance that the way of life isn't what the association individuals need, it tends to be pivoted to fit the crucial vision, methodology, structure, assets and innovation of the association. The all around run enterprises have created societies that are particular and answerable for creation, execution and upkeep of their reality initiative positions. In such manner, all periods of tasks, procedure and staffing, and authoritative culture must be considered by HR for the proficient and compelling achievement of hierarchical objectives. Section 4: You are the HR staffing master at an extremely effective multi year old organization that makes home diversion items: HDTVs, home-theater gear, and so on. The director of the promoting division has quite recently left

How to Format Cite Documents in APA MLA Format

How to Format Cite Documents in APA MLA Format EP 14: How to Format Cite Documents in APA and MLA Format EP 14: How to Format Cite Documents in APA and MLA Format Welcome to Episode 14! This week we jumped into some more academically-oriented content with an overview of APA and MLA formatting. Our Host and Top Writer Cath Anne discussed the ins and outs of these two formatting methods and helps you to apply them to your upcoming essays. Looking for study tips, help with essay writing, or advice on how to be a better student? Welcome to The Homework Help Show, a weekly show where we teach, assist, and offer valuable insights for student life. From study hacks to writing tips, discussions about student mental health to step-by-step guides on academic writing and how to write a resume, weve got you covered. Want your questions answered? Write them below or join the conversation on social media using the hashtag #askHHG TRANSCRIPT: Cath Anne: [00:00:05] Im going to jump in. As I mentioned my name is Cath Anne and I weekly host this show called The Homework Help Show, which is put on by Homework Help Global. Homework Help Global serves to create custom essays, resumes, business plans for individuals. Its a great business. Ive been working for them for a few years now and its a wonderful organization to work for. Cath Anne: [00:00:35] Definitely look them up if youre in need of any of those services. The idea behind this show, is I give some information for student life and everyday life. The topics range from everything from mental health to productivity hacks to actual academic content and support. The hope is that this this show will keep growing, and that eventually we can do a Q and A style or a homework support type of show and give you guys some really valuable content. Cath Anne: [00:01:24] So lets jump in. Cath Anne: [00:01:25] This week we thought wed get into a little bit more of the academic content, just because its getting into essay season and into exam writing season. It is getting towards the end of the first semester or the end of the beginning period of the second semester in school, so we know that its starting to be crunch time. So, were going to give you some content that you can use towards getting some good grades. Cath Anne: [00:02:01] APA format is the American Psychological Association formatting. That is generally used for sociology, psychology, social work. Its used across the board in many kinds of social scientific disciplines. Cath Anne: [00:02:27] Then the other format that Im going to discuss is MLA format. Its generally used for more of the humanities types of things like history and English, philosophy those things like that. Cath Anne: [00:02:45] First of all were going to talk about APA format. Im going to have to grab a cup of tea because my throat gets very dry. Cath Anne: [00:02:56] So first, when youre beginning in APA format, make sure that youre setting all of your margins to one inch. How you do how you do this is in your Word document, you go up to layout, margins, and set it to normal. [00:03:12] Therell be a dropdown tab that says layout on the main home tab. You want set that to normal, and that is the standard for APA format. Some professors wont be too strict on that but its just a good thing to get into the habit of doing. That will be your first step is setting your margins. Cath Anne: [00:03:32] Then APA format requires a head running header. So, to insert your header. Im actually speaking about a Mac because I have a MacBook Air and it uses word 2011 some of the programs are different, but Ill just do an overview and most of it is pretty similar. Hopefully youll get a good idea of what program youre running and what will work for you. Cath Anne: [00:04:01] To insert your header click on a view from the top menu bar and then select header/footer. Another way to do this is to click up in the top portion of your page where you put the page numbers. You double click on that and thatll bring you into a header section. You can move between the header and the text by double clicking outside or inside the header, so itll bring up a new little bar at the top and you can click inside and out of that. Cath Anne: [00:04:33] In the header/footer tab you can click on a page number to insert page numbers. Thats another way to do this is up top youll click insert. The drop-down menu will come down. Insert page numbers and then thats another way that you can start a header. Cath Anne: [00:04:50] So, on the first page of an APA document, youre going to type the words running head. Its capital Running head. Just the R is capitalized in that and then youre going to put a colon. This is going to go on the left of the page number so its going to go to the flush left. Then tap the tab key and move the page number over to the flush right. Youre running header is going to be flush left, and youre going to have your page number flush right. Cath Anne: [00:05:32] Choose keywords from your titles so once youre finished writing your document youre going to have a title for the running head. Youre going to have Running header: and then youre going to choose some keywords from your title to put as your running header. Cath Anne: [00:05:49] So, for example, if I was writing an article on Marxism in the contemporary workplace I might I would put: Running header: MARXISM CONTEMPORARY WORKPLACE. They are all going to be caps lock, so theyre all going to be in capital letters. Cath Anne: [00:06:23] Youre going to want the running header to be different on the first page and the rest of your pages. The only page that its going to say running header is the first page. To do this, look for file, page setup, and select different first page. Youll see the drop-down menu, youll click on page set up and select different first page. Cath Anne: [00:07:08] Actually the pathway for that is file, page set up, and then youre going to click on Microsoft Word margins layout and then select different first page and OK and that will make sure that you only have running header on your first page. Cath Anne: [00:07:26] Once youve set up your header and youre ready to set up your title page is very important in an APA document to have a proper title page and for this as opposed to MLA format which doesnt have the same kind of title page, youre going to one page just as your title page for APA format. Cath Anne: [00:08:07] So, when youre ready to start typing that, double click in the main document so that you can start typing in the main area of the page. Click a couple of times so that the title is still positioned in the upper half of the title page. Youre going to want your title up towards the top of your page. Capitalize the first word of the title and the subtitle and all major words. Thats pretty common for any titles; youre going to want to capitalize every first letter of important words in your title. Then center the title in the middle of the page. Below the title type your first name and your last name. Then below that you want the university or institution that youre attending and then insert a page break to begin a new page. Cath Anne: [00:08:58] So, the only things that youll want on that first main page are your running header, your page number, your title. That was in the center of the page up close to the top. Below the title you want your first and last name. Sometimes profs will want your student number as well, so you could put that right beside your name. Below that you put to your university or institution and thats it and then youll want to begin your new page. Cath Anne: [00:09:51] Sometimes in APA format you might require an abstract. This is something that a prof will likely request of you, usually if they dont request it unless youre in kind of a masters degree or an upper level degree then you probably wont need it. If your paper does require an abstract, type the word abstract at the top of the page that should also be centered then insert another page break. There, on that page, youre going to insert your abstract, which is basically a summary of what your paper will be on. Then insert another page break, so that you will come to a brand-new page. Also, for the abstract, you have to remember that if you are doing an abstract this is the only paragraph in your document that is not going to be indented. So, this is going to be flush as a paragraph. Cath Anne: [00:11:06] Then you do want to insert the header on the rest of your pages as well. To do this click at the top of the page and copy only the header so you dont want the words running header. You just want the header and the page number from the first page, not the words running head. To page numbers will adjust. So, copy that and past it into the next subsequent pages headers. The page numbers will adjust it so wont be one itll adjust, and it will know that it should be two three four five. Cath Anne: [00:11:45] Another important thing is you want to make sure that your whole document is written in Times New Roman 12-point font. Usually when you insert a header in Word I find it comes up as the font Calibri. So, you want to make sure that you highlight that all and change it to the font Times New Roman 12-point. You also want to make sure that the header is flush left as I mentioned, and the page number is flush right on all of your subsequent pages as well. Cath Anne: [00:12:28] Then once youve completed you abstract and your title page you can insert a page break and start a new page. Thats when you would begin typing your document. You want to make sure that all of your document is in Times New Roman 12-point five. The only exception is when you use a font like Sans Serif for a figure or a table. Sometimes profs will request that you use a different type of font. So, make sure that youre reading your syllabus to make certain of any of those requests. But, otherwise you will always be most likely always be using Times New Roman and 12-point five. Thats pretty much the standard. Cath Anne: [00:13:17] (To Instagram Viewer): I really like that little emoji, The Neighbourly Consultant. Looks like a little clipboard/paper. Very cute. Cath Anne: [00:13:31] The next requirement of APA format is that you want to make sure that you have the correct spacing and indentation. APA format requires all paragraphs to be flush left and have the first line indentation. When you begin a paragraph, you are always going to make them make sure that it is indented and youre also going to make sure that it is flush left. You dont write your text centered or flush right. The entire manuscript should be double spaced, and make sure that there are no extra spaces between paragraphs. Cath Anne: [00:14:08] Some people would be tempted to do this because they think it looks better, but that is not proper APA formatting. So, you want to make sure that you have double spaces throughout, but no extra spaces in between. Cath Anne: [00:14:23] Also just to note if you do insert block quotations, try not to go too heavy on them, but if there are times that you need to use a block quotation, those do not get double spaced. You are just going to insert the block quotation into the body of your manuscript. But, that does not get double space the rest of the text will get double-spaced. Cath Anne: [00:14:47] So, to make sure that the document is double spaced. Select all the text except block quotations which should remain single spaced. Right click and click on paragraph and then you will see a dropdown menu that says, line spacing and then you click on double. That will double space the whole manuscript for you. Once you have completed writing your essay then you will want again, to insert another page break. The reason we keep inserting page breaks, is so the cursor remains in the middle for your titles. When you insert a page break the cursor will go into the middle of the page. This next page break will be for your reference page. In APA format, the reference or citation page is called: References, at the top. Cath Anne: [00:15:48] That will be inserted into the middle of the page and make sure that you capitalize the word references. All actual references have to be set with a hanging indentation. Set it using the ruler at the top of the text or go back to the Format drop down menu, paragraph and then you can set your indentation to hanging and that will make sure that all of your citations are set with a hanging indent. Cath Anne: [00:16:19] This is something that is new to me. I didnt know that you could do this. I would kind of do it manually with a tab. So, its really great to know that you can set hanging indentation. Cath Anne: [00:16:33] All you have to do is take all of take your full reference page and select it all, highlight it all, go to format, paragraph and set it to a hanging. So much easier. Cath Anne: [00:16:49] Because there are so many variations of referencing I would recommend consulting Owl Purdue. It has really good APA reference guidelines. Its very thorough. Its kind of my go to that I would recommend if you want to learn APA formatting. We can put it in the comments when this video is complete, and you guys will be able to access it there if you are unfamiliar with it but is a fantastic reference for this. Cath Anne: [00:17:24] Ive used it since my undergrad which is quite a while ago so alternatively you can also use a couple of applications called Citation Machine. You can just enter the name of a book or an article into that and it will generate the citations for you. Cath Anne: [00:17:46] The problem with that is that, first of all, you dont learn how to do proper citations, which is a really helpful tool to have if youre going to pursue academia. Second, theyre not necessarily always 100 percent correct. So, if you have a professor who is a stickler for references you may want to avoid using something like Citation Machine. Another quick and easy way to generate citations is when you are actually doing your research and you are in the databases. There are often dropdown menus where you can copy and paste citations for the different formatting. I tend to do is I when I am doing some research. Ill take the citations, as Im going and Ill put it at the bottom of my document, because then I dont have to go back and find or figure all of my citations. Ill save them as Im going along. So, then that saves me time in the end. Again, another note about that is that you are not 100 percent guaranteed that those citations are going to be accurate. So, defin itely if youre going to do that I would suggest still becoming familiar with the APA formatting guidelines and just making sure that they are correctly done because some profs will take percentages off if you do not cite properly. Cath Anne: [00:20:37] In terms of in-text citations for APA formatting, you will use the last name of the author that has published the work and the date the document was published. That can go either in parentheses at the end of whatever youre citing or if youre actually referencing, say youre saying, Smith suggested that you would put the name Smith and then the date in brackets, writer what you were wanting to say, and then include the page number in parentheses at the end of the quotation or the segment that you are referencing. Cath Anne: [00:21:32] Just another note, about your references page, you want to make sure that when you are referencing your citations, those how those have to be all in alphabetical order and they all have to be hanging indented as I mentioned earlier. Yes. So, just make sure that your reference pages in alphabetical order from the last name of whoever wrote the document and it goes down from there. It would start with if you had someone with the last name a it would start and go all the way down to z. Cath Anne: [00:22:12] So that is it. Those were the tips I have for APA formatting. I hope that was helpful. Now I wanted to move on to MLA formatting. So, its pretty similar. Cath Anne: [00:22:25] There are some differences though for MLA formatting you are still going to be using 12-point font with the same margins as APA format, so as if you recall you just go up and set margins to normal on a Word document. You will also want your document to be double spaced. Cath Anne: [00:22:47] The one difference between APA and MLA, is that MLA format does not have a running header. Rather, it has page numbers with the students last name before the page number and that is all flush right. The heading for MLA format will be positioned on the left side of the first page of the document, so there is no official title page, rather it is a heading. Cath Anne: [00:23:22] It includes your first and last name and probably your student number. The instructors name the class title and the date. So, those are the qualifications for an MLA heading and that will all be flush left on the first page of the document. The title of the essay is then centered on the same page, just below the heading. Then you want to put your which is your last name and the page number to the flush right. You want to put that in Times New Roman, as well. As I mentioned sometimes headers come up as Calibri or Cambria, for some reason. So, you want to make sure that that is also set to Times New Roman, 12-point font. So, click in the header, highlight the header, and change the font to that. Cath Anne: [00:24:36] Click insert page numbers. Set them to flush right. Then in order to include your last name in the header, just click in the top of the page the header section; tab over to the left and just put your last name right beside the page number. Cath Anne: [00:24:57] Then the reference page, so the rest of the document would be the same. You are definitely going to still double space in MLA format. The citation is a bit different which I will get into in a moment and then you want to make a citation page as well in MLA format. The reference page is called a Works Cited, so that would be the last page of your document. Put Works Cited at the top of the page, center the title, and then you will include your citations. They will all be in alphabetical order. As I mentioned I Owl Purdue also does have are really great guidelines for MLA format, so I would consult that for specifics around how to cite MLA documents, and also those two resources I mentioned earlier. [00:26:32] In terms of in-text citations, you are going to just have the authors last name and then the page numbers, separated by a comma. The date is not inserted into citations in MLA format, but again for more thorough details on that specifically, consult the resources that I mentioned. I will also take suggestions if anyone wants a more in-depth overview of its specifics around in-text and bibliographical citations, certainly let us know and we can we can figure that out. [00:27:16] Thats all the content I had for this week. I think that it was a pretty thorough overview of both of those formatting guidelines. But, if you do have any questions, certainly ask away and hopefully that was helpful. I know that sometimes citations can be challenging, but hopefully this gave you a little bit more of an overview and some tips that I didnt even know of until I was doing this research. Again, if you did not have time to sit down and watch this it will be up on Instagram for the next 24 hours. Weve also recorded it, so we will be putting it on YouTube within the next week. [00:28:00] Were on Twitter, Facebook, LinkedIn, Instagram, as I mentioned Google Plus and then we do save our videos we put them on YouTube. [00:28:10] We also broadcast them as podcasts on SoundCloud, Anchor, iTunes Apple podcast and Google Play Music. All you have to do is search Homework Help Global, and youll be able to find us. So, I really hope that was helpful for you guys and I think were going to keep going with the academic content for next week, so if you have any suggestions if you have any questions, please bring along your homework and Id love to talk to you a little bit more. Thank you for everyone who showed up tonight, and I hope you guys have a great week. I cant wait to see you again. Take care. How to Format Cite Documents in APA MLA Format EP 14: How to Format Cite Documents in APA and MLA Format EP 14: How to Format Cite Documents in APA and MLA Format Welcome to Episode 14! This week we jumped into some more academically-oriented content with an overview of APA and MLA formatting. Our Host and Top Writer Cath Anne discussed the ins and outs of these two formatting methods and helps you to apply them to your upcoming essays. Looking for study tips, help with essay writing, or advice on how to be a better student? Welcome to The Homework Help Show, a weekly show where we teach, assist, and offer valuable insights for student life. From study hacks to writing tips, discussions about student mental health to step-by-step guides on academic writing and how to write a resume, weve got you covered. Want your questions answered? Write them below or join the conversation on social media using the hashtag #askHHG TRANSCRIPT: Cath Anne: [00:00:05] Im going to jump in. As I mentioned my name is Cath Anne and I weekly host this show called The Homework Help Show, which is put on by Homework Help Global. Homework Help Global serves to create custom essays, resumes, business plans for individuals. Its a great business. Ive been working for them for a few years now and its a wonderful organization to work for. Cath Anne: [00:00:35] Definitely look them up if youre in need of any of those services. The idea behind this show, is I give some information for student life and everyday life. The topics range from everything from mental health to productivity hacks to actual academic content and support. The hope is that this this show will keep growing, and that eventually we can do a Q and A style or a homework support type of show and give you guys some really valuable content. Cath Anne: [00:01:24] So lets jump in. Cath Anne: [00:01:25] This week we thought wed get into a little bit more of the academic content, just because its getting into essay season and into exam writing season. It is getting towards the end of the first semester or the end of the beginning period of the second semester in school, so we know that its starting to be crunch time. So, were going to give you some content that you can use towards getting some good grades. Cath Anne: [00:02:01] APA format is the American Psychological Association formatting. That is generally used for sociology, psychology, social work. Its used across the board in many kinds of social scientific disciplines. Cath Anne: [00:02:27] Then the other format that Im going to discuss is MLA format. Its generally used for more of the humanities types of things like history and English, philosophy those things like that. Cath Anne: [00:02:45] First of all were going to talk about APA format. Im going to have to grab a cup of tea because my throat gets very dry. Cath Anne: [00:02:56] So first, when youre beginning in APA format, make sure that youre setting all of your margins to one inch. How you do how you do this is in your Word document, you go up to layout, margins, and set it to normal. [00:03:12] Therell be a dropdown tab that says layout on the main home tab. You want set that to normal, and that is the standard for APA format. Some professors wont be too strict on that but its just a good thing to get into the habit of doing. That will be your first step is setting your margins. Cath Anne: [00:03:32] Then APA format requires a head running header. So, to insert your header. Im actually speaking about a Mac because I have a MacBook Air and it uses word 2011 some of the programs are different, but Ill just do an overview and most of it is pretty similar. Hopefully youll get a good idea of what program youre running and what will work for you. Cath Anne: [00:04:01] To insert your header click on a view from the top menu bar and then select header/footer. Another way to do this is to click up in the top portion of your page where you put the page numbers. You double click on that and thatll bring you into a header section. You can move between the header and the text by double clicking outside or inside the header, so itll bring up a new little bar at the top and you can click inside and out of that. Cath Anne: [00:04:33] In the header/footer tab you can click on a page number to insert page numbers. Thats another way to do this is up top youll click insert. The drop-down menu will come down. Insert page numbers and then thats another way that you can start a header. Cath Anne: [00:04:50] So, on the first page of an APA document, youre going to type the words running head. Its capital Running head. Just the R is capitalized in that and then youre going to put a colon. This is going to go on the left of the page number so its going to go to the flush left. Then tap the tab key and move the page number over to the flush right. Youre running header is going to be flush left, and youre going to have your page number flush right. Cath Anne: [00:05:32] Choose keywords from your titles so once youre finished writing your document youre going to have a title for the running head. Youre going to have Running header: and then youre going to choose some keywords from your title to put as your running header. Cath Anne: [00:05:49] So, for example, if I was writing an article on Marxism in the contemporary workplace I might I would put: Running header: MARXISM CONTEMPORARY WORKPLACE. They are all going to be caps lock, so theyre all going to be in capital letters. Cath Anne: [00:06:23] Youre going to want the running header to be different on the first page and the rest of your pages. The only page that its going to say running header is the first page. To do this, look for file, page setup, and select different first page. Youll see the drop-down menu, youll click on page set up and select different first page. Cath Anne: [00:07:08] Actually the pathway for that is file, page set up, and then youre going to click on Microsoft Word margins layout and then select different first page and OK and that will make sure that you only have running header on your first page. Cath Anne: [00:07:26] Once youve set up your header and youre ready to set up your title page is very important in an APA document to have a proper title page and for this as opposed to MLA format which doesnt have the same kind of title page, youre going to one page just as your title page for APA format. Cath Anne: [00:08:07] So, when youre ready to start typing that, double click in the main document so that you can start typing in the main area of the page. Click a couple of times so that the title is still positioned in the upper half of the title page. Youre going to want your title up towards the top of your page. Capitalize the first word of the title and the subtitle and all major words. Thats pretty common for any titles; youre going to want to capitalize every first letter of important words in your title. Then center the title in the middle of the page. Below the title type your first name and your last name. Then below that you want the university or institution that youre attending and then insert a page break to begin a new page. Cath Anne: [00:08:58] So, the only things that youll want on that first main page are your running header, your page number, your title. That was in the center of the page up close to the top. Below the title you want your first and last name. Sometimes profs will want your student number as well, so you could put that right beside your name. Below that you put to your university or institution and thats it and then youll want to begin your new page. Cath Anne: [00:09:51] Sometimes in APA format you might require an abstract. This is something that a prof will likely request of you, usually if they dont request it unless youre in kind of a masters degree or an upper level degree then you probably wont need it. If your paper does require an abstract, type the word abstract at the top of the page that should also be centered then insert another page break. There, on that page, youre going to insert your abstract, which is basically a summary of what your paper will be on. Then insert another page break, so that you will come to a brand-new page. Also, for the abstract, you have to remember that if you are doing an abstract this is the only paragraph in your document that is not going to be indented. So, this is going to be flush as a paragraph. Cath Anne: [00:11:06] Then you do want to insert the header on the rest of your pages as well. To do this click at the top of the page and copy only the header so you dont want the words running header. You just want the header and the page number from the first page, not the words running head. To page numbers will adjust. So, copy that and past it into the next subsequent pages headers. The page numbers will adjust it so wont be one itll adjust, and it will know that it should be two three four five. Cath Anne: [00:11:45] Another important thing is you want to make sure that your whole document is written in Times New Roman 12-point font. Usually when you insert a header in Word I find it comes up as the font Calibri. So, you want to make sure that you highlight that all and change it to the font Times New Roman 12-point. You also want to make sure that the header is flush left as I mentioned, and the page number is flush right on all of your subsequent pages as well. Cath Anne: [00:12:28] Then once youve completed you abstract and your title page you can insert a page break and start a new page. Thats when you would begin typing your document. You want to make sure that all of your document is in Times New Roman 12-point five. The only exception is when you use a font like Sans Serif for a figure or a table. Sometimes profs will request that you use a different type of font. So, make sure that youre reading your syllabus to make certain of any of those requests. But, otherwise you will always be most likely always be using Times New Roman and 12-point five. Thats pretty much the standard. Cath Anne: [00:13:17] (To Instagram Viewer): I really like that little emoji, The Neighbourly Consultant. Looks like a little clipboard/paper. Very cute. Cath Anne: [00:13:31] The next requirement of APA format is that you want to make sure that you have the correct spacing and indentation. APA format requires all paragraphs to be flush left and have the first line indentation. When you begin a paragraph, you are always going to make them make sure that it is indented and youre also going to make sure that it is flush left. You dont write your text centered or flush right. The entire manuscript should be double spaced, and make sure that there are no extra spaces between paragraphs. Cath Anne: [00:14:08] Some people would be tempted to do this because they think it looks better, but that is not proper APA formatting. So, you want to make sure that you have double spaces throughout, but no extra spaces in between. Cath Anne: [00:14:23] Also just to note if you do insert block quotations, try not to go too heavy on them, but if there are times that you need to use a block quotation, those do not get double spaced. You are just going to insert the block quotation into the body of your manuscript. But, that does not get double space the rest of the text will get double-spaced. Cath Anne: [00:14:47] So, to make sure that the document is double spaced. Select all the text except block quotations which should remain single spaced. Right click and click on paragraph and then you will see a dropdown menu that says, line spacing and then you click on double. That will double space the whole manuscript for you. Once you have completed writing your essay then you will want again, to insert another page break. The reason we keep inserting page breaks, is so the cursor remains in the middle for your titles. When you insert a page break the cursor will go into the middle of the page. This next page break will be for your reference page. In APA format, the reference or citation page is called: References, at the top. Cath Anne: [00:15:48] That will be inserted into the middle of the page and make sure that you capitalize the word references. All actual references have to be set with a hanging indentation. Set it using the ruler at the top of the text or go back to the Format drop down menu, paragraph and then you can set your indentation to hanging and that will make sure that all of your citations are set with a hanging indent. Cath Anne: [00:16:19] This is something that is new to me. I didnt know that you could do this. I would kind of do it manually with a tab. So, its really great to know that you can set hanging indentation. Cath Anne: [00:16:33] All you have to do is take all of take your full reference page and select it all, highlight it all, go to format, paragraph and set it to a hanging. So much easier. Cath Anne: [00:16:49] Because there are so many variations of referencing I would recommend consulting Owl Purdue. It has really good APA reference guidelines. Its very thorough. Its kind of my go to that I would recommend if you want to learn APA formatting. We can put it in the comments when this video is complete, and you guys will be able to access it there if you are unfamiliar with it but is a fantastic reference for this. Cath Anne: [00:17:24] Ive used it since my undergrad which is quite a while ago so alternatively you can also use a couple of applications called Citation Machine. You can just enter the name of a book or an article into that and it will generate the citations for you. Cath Anne: [00:17:46] The problem with that is that, first of all, you dont learn how to do proper citations, which is a really helpful tool to have if youre going to pursue academia. Second, theyre not necessarily always 100 percent correct. So, if you have a professor who is a stickler for references you may want to avoid using something like Citation Machine. Another quick and easy way to generate citations is when you are actually doing your research and you are in the databases. There are often dropdown menus where you can copy and paste citations for the different formatting. I tend to do is I when I am doing some research. Ill take the citations, as Im going and Ill put it at the bottom of my document, because then I dont have to go back and find or figure all of my citations. Ill save them as Im going along. So, then that saves me time in the end. Again, another note about that is that you are not 100 percent guaranteed that those citations are going to be accurate. So, defin itely if youre going to do that I would suggest still becoming familiar with the APA formatting guidelines and just making sure that they are correctly done because some profs will take percentages off if you do not cite properly. Cath Anne: [00:20:37] In terms of in-text citations for APA formatting, you will use the last name of the author that has published the work and the date the document was published. That can go either in parentheses at the end of whatever youre citing or if youre actually referencing, say youre saying, Smith suggested that you would put the name Smith and then the date in brackets, writer what you were wanting to say, and then include the page number in parentheses at the end of the quotation or the segment that you are referencing. Cath Anne: [00:21:32] Just another note, about your references page, you want to make sure that when you are referencing your citations, those how those have to be all in alphabetical order and they all have to be hanging indented as I mentioned earlier. Yes. So, just make sure that your reference pages in alphabetical order from the last name of whoever wrote the document and it goes down from there. It would start with if you had someone with the last name a it would start and go all the way down to z. Cath Anne: [00:22:12] So that is it. Those were the tips I have for APA formatting. I hope that was helpful. Now I wanted to move on to MLA formatting. So, its pretty similar. Cath Anne: [00:22:25] There are some differences though for MLA formatting you are still going to be using 12-point font with the same margins as APA format, so as if you recall you just go up and set margins to normal on a Word document. You will also want your document to be double spaced. Cath Anne: [00:22:47] The one difference between APA and MLA, is that MLA format does not have a running header. Rather, it has page numbers with the students last name before the page number and that is all flush right. The heading for MLA format will be positioned on the left side of the first page of the document, so there is no official title page, rather it is a heading. Cath Anne: [00:23:22] It includes your first and last name and probably your student number. The instructors name the class title and the date. So, those are the qualifications for an MLA heading and that will all be flush left on the first page of the document. The title of the essay is then centered on the same page, just below the heading. Then you want to put your which is your last name and the page number to the flush right. You want to put that in Times New Roman, as well. As I mentioned sometimes headers come up as Calibri or Cambria, for some reason. So, you want to make sure that that is also set to Times New Roman, 12-point font. So, click in the header, highlight the header, and change the font to that. Cath Anne: [00:24:36] Click insert page numbers. Set them to flush right. Then in order to include your last name in the header, just click in the top of the page the header section; tab over to the left and just put your last name right beside the page number. Cath Anne: [00:24:57] Then the reference page, so the rest of the document would be the same. You are definitely going to still double space in MLA format. The citation is a bit different which I will get into in a moment and then you want to make a citation page as well in MLA format. The reference page is called a Works Cited, so that would be the last page of your document. Put Works Cited at the top of the page, center the title, and then you will include your citations. They will all be in alphabetical order. As I mentioned I Owl Purdue also does have are really great guidelines for MLA format, so I would consult that for specifics around how to cite MLA documents, and also those two resources I mentioned earlier. [00:26:32] In terms of in-text citations, you are going to just have the authors last name and then the page numbers, separated by a comma. The date is not inserted into citations in MLA format, but again for more thorough details on that specifically, consult the resources that I mentioned. I will also take suggestions if anyone wants a more in-depth overview of its specifics around in-text and bibliographical citations, certainly let us know and we can we can figure that out. [00:27:16] Thats all the content I had for this week. I think that it was a pretty thorough overview of both of those formatting guidelines. But, if you do have any questions, certainly ask away and hopefully that was helpful. I know that sometimes citations can be challenging, but hopefully this gave you a little bit more of an overview and some tips that I didnt even know of until I was doing this research. Again, if you did not have time to sit down and watch this it will be up on Instagram for the next 24 hours. Weve also recorded it, so we will be putting it on YouTube within the next week. [00:28:00] Were on Twitter, Facebook, LinkedIn, Instagram, as I mentioned Google Plus and then we do save our videos we put them on YouTube. [00:28:10] We also broadcast them as podcasts on SoundCloud, Anchor, iTunes Apple podcast and Google Play Music. All you have to do is search Homework Help Global, and youll be able to find us. So, I really hope that was helpful for you guys and I think were going to keep going with the academic content for next week, so if you have any suggestions if you have any questions, please bring along your homework and Id love to talk to you a little bit more. Thank you for everyone who showed up tonight, and I hope you guys have a great week. I cant wait to see you again. Take care.

The Evolution of African American Music Over the Years - 550 Words

The Sample Discusses the Evolution of African American Music Over the Years (Thesis Sample) Content: NameInstructorCourseDateThe Evolution of African American MusicAfrican American music is a term that describes different types of music and music genres mainly created by the African Americans. The music origin can be traced to the slavery that black people faced before the American civil war. Blues and ragtime genres were developed late in the 19th century while the modern house, techno and hip hop were formed in late 20th century. The modern day music is highly influenced by current and previous African American music genres.After the civil war a new form of music called ragtime was developed by the black Americans. The genre later developed into jazz. The dance involved in jazz music was mainly borrowed from Africans living in Western and Sub-Saharan Africa. Earliest blues and jazz recording was in 1920s. Styles such as rhythm were developed in the 1940s. in 1960 and after African Americans developed funk.In the 18th century southern slaves were converted to Christ ians. The conversion came with the emergence of folk spirituals. Instead of adopting to the Christian ways, they sang the spirituals in a way that had a meaning to them. They mostly sang in groups while working in the plantations. Unlike the white gospels, folk spirituals were very spirited. The slaves also added dances known as the shout. They also changed rhythms and melodies of hymns and psalms (Anderson and Hennessey 115).The impact of black Americans in the wider American music was felt in the 19th century. The banjo instrument became popular à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬ it was of African origin. Songs by Stephen Foster and other musicians became popular hit songs. In the 1830s, there was a rise in Christian revival especially among the African Americans. The blacks began performing a wide variety of Christian songs and Spirituals. The messages were often against slavery (Deaville 89-112).After the civil war, African American music continued to spread. Artists such as Jack Delany helped revolut ionize the music in the United States. The first ever black comedy troupe was in 1876. The barbershops acted as community centers and most men would come together.. Not only would they socialize but also sing the popular songs and the folk spirituals. At the tail end of the 19th century, African American music had become an integral part of the mainstream American music.In the 1940s and 1950s the blacks created a genre called rock and roll. It had prominent musicians such as Louis Jordan. The rock and roll music was a great achievement. The rock music thereafter became associated with the whites. Nonetheless, some black musicians such as Chuck Berry became successful. Also, there was the increase in popularity for hard blues and the doo-wop style during this period (Caldwell 163-178).In the 1960s and after, the African Americans played melodic music. Soul music became increases in its popularity. Two new stands of funk evolved à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬ pop soul jazz and a more psychedelic fusion. The sound of disco developed from the African American artists who epitomized so...

What to Do if You Missed the SAT

So, you are one of those people who registered for the Redesigned  SAT and, for whatever reason didnt take it. Maybe you had the flu on test day (which would be decidedly awful) or perhaps you pulled an all-nighter on Friday and didnt feel up to par when you woke up on Saturday morning. Maybe, you thought better about taking the SAT when you hadnt prepared for it and instead of taking the test, you opted to sign for an SAT prep class instead. No matter the reason, you decided not to take the SAT on the day you had initially chosen. The question is, what in the world do you do now? There is an answer to your question, and it is not going to cost you your SAT score, your college admissions, or a ton of money, either. What Will Happen After Missing the SAT   If you have registered for an SAT test but decided not to show up to take the exam, two things are going to happen to you moving forward: You will get a credit. The registration fee you paid for the SAT test will sit in your College Board account just waiting to be used again. Thats good news, right? You thought you or your parents would be out of luck when it came to the cash, but thats not how it works. Sure, you will not get a refund (life isnt always that easy), but the money is not completely lost unless you choose to never take the SAT because you think you dont need it or because the ACT suits you better.  Your registration for that date will go away. Go ahead and breathe a quick sigh of relief. You will not get a zero on the test for not showing up to take it. Dont sweat it. Bonus? Colleges and universities will never know that you registered to take the SAT and did not make it to the testing center. Moving Forward Now what? Should you go ahead and register to take the exam another time? Are you able to do so? Is there a compelling reason to take the SAT at all? Actually, there are four good reasons to take the SAT, so wed strongly recommend it unless youre going to take the ACT.   The good news is that you can take it again. The College Board wont hold it against you that you did not show up the first time. If you decide to register again, you can transfer your SAT registration to another test date coming up by paying a transfer fee. It isnt free, but its better than having to pay for the whole SAT again. This time, however, be sure to pay attention to your preparation. Preparing for the SAT There are dozens of test prep companies out there hoping that you will choose them when it comes time to get ready for the SAT exam. This time, you are going to make sure you do that, right? Right. Before you do, take a peek at the following informational articles to help set you on the right path.

Definition and Examples of Base Forms of Words

In English grammar, a base is the form of a word to which prefixes and suffixes  can be added to create new words. For example, instruct is the base for forming instruction, instructor, and reinstruct. Also called a root or stem. Put another way, base forms are words that are not derived from or made up of other words. According to  Ingo Plag, The term root is used when we want to explicitly  refer to the indivisible central part of a complex word. In all other cases, where the status of a form as indivisible or not is not an issue, we can just speak of bases (or, if the base is a word, base words) (Word-Formation in English, 2003). Examples and Observations In most situations, the user of English has no problem at all recognizing prefixes, bases, and suffixes. For instance, in the sentence, They repainted the old car, the complex word repainted obviously has three elements--a prefix, a base, and a suffix: re paint ed. The base paint is the words semantic core, the starting place for describing what the word is being used to mean in a given utterance. The prefix and suffix add semantic content to that core, the prefix re adding the content again, and the suffix ed adding in the past. (D. W. Cummings, American English Spelling. JHU Press, 1988) Base Forms and Word Roots [The term base] refers to any part of a word seen as a unit to which an operation can be applied, as when one adds an affix to a root or stem. For example, in unhappy the base form is happy; if -ness is then added to unhappy, the whole of this item would be considered the base to which the new affix is attached. Some analysts, however, restrict the term base to be equivalent to root, the part of a word remaining when all affixes have been removed. In such an approach, happy would be the base form (the highest common factor) of all its derivations— happiness, unhappy, unhappiness, etc. This meaning leads to a special use in prosodic morphology to define the portion of the output in correspondence with another portion of the form, especially the reduplicant. (David Crystal,  Dictionary of Linguistics and Phonetics, 6th ed. Blackwell, 2008) Citation Forms For adjectives, e.g. bad, the base form is the so-called absolute form (as against the comparative form worse, or the superlative form worst). For other word classes, e.g. adverb or preposition, where there are no grammatical variants, there is only one form that can be the headword. These base forms of words, the headwords of dictionary entries, may be termed the citation forms of lexemes. When we want to talk about the lexeme sing, then the form that we cite (i.e. quote) is the base form--as I have just done--and that is taken to include all the grammatical variants (sings, singing, sang, sung). (Howard Jackson, Words and Their Meaning. Routledge, 2013) Bases in Complex Words Another classic problem of morphology [is] the case of a complex word with a recognizable suffix or prefix, attached to a base that is not an existing word of the language. For example, among the -able words are words such as malleable and feasible. In both cases the suffix -able (spelled -ible in the second case because of a different historical origin for the suffix) has the regular meaning be able, and in both cases the -ity form is possible (mealleability and feasibility). We have no reason to suspect that able/ible here is not the real suffix -able. Yet if it is, then malleable must be broken down as malle able and feasible as feas ible; but there are no existing words (free morphemes) in English such as malle or feas, or even malley or fease. We thus have to allow for the existence of a complex word whose base exists only in that complex word . . .. (A. Akmajian, R. A. Demers, A. K. Farmer, R. M. Harnish, Linguistics: An Introduction to Language and Communication. MIT, 2001)

In The Movie “Girl, Interrupted”, A Recent High-School

In the movie â€Å"Girl, Interrupted†, a recent high-school graduate named Susanna Kaysen, is diagnosed with Borderline Personality Disorder and admitted into a women’s psychiatric hospital after attempting to commit suicide. When she arrives, she meets several other girls including a young woman named Lisa. Susanna is intrigued by Lisa’s antics. In addition to Lisa, there is also Polly, a seemingly sweet girl with self-inflicted burns to her body and face. Her roommate, Georgina, who is a pathological liar, and Daisy, a bulimic who is set to be discharged a month later. Susanna quickly befriends this group of girls and begins to feel more stable than she ever had outside of the hospital. She is thrown a curveball when her old fling, Toby,†¦show more content†¦This causes a large arguement between the two girls in which Susanna lashes out at Lisa. Before she is released, however, Susanna visits Lisa, who is strapped to a hostpital bed. She confesses to Lisa that despite her earlier statements, she has hope that Lisa can get better. In the movie, Susanna Kaysen is diagnosed with borderline personality disorder. I believe that her diagnosis was accurate based off of her symptoms shown throughout the film. Because BPD is a somewhat elusive diagnosis, the authors of the DSM-IV-TR have specific observable behaviors and symptoms that characterize the disorder. People with borderline personality disorder are at risk for suicidal and self-destructive behaviors such as alcohol and substance abuse, delinquency, unsafe sex, and reckless driving. Susanna was admitted after a suicide attempt in which she took a bottle of aspirin, followed by a bottle of vodka. During this attempt, she was also rushed to the hospital with severe self-inflicted bruising around her wrists. Susanna also made several attempts to remain in a sexual relationship to avoid feeling abandoned. Prior to being committed, she slept with the husband of one of her mother’s friends. She also hooked up with a guy named Toby. At one point in the movie, Toby comes to see her, but they have a fight and he leaves. Later that day, Susanna began to flirt with one of the orderlies, resulting in a kiss that gotShow MoreRelatedGirl Interrupted Analysis Essay1848 Words   |  8 PagesGirl, Interrupted (1999) directed by James Mangold is largely based on a semi- autobiographical book by the same title. The movie chronicles eighteen year old Susanna Kaysen’s experiences surrounding her stay at a mental institution. It is 1967, a time of social change and unrest. Susanna makes a half-heart attempt at suicide, ingesting a bottle of aspirin and chasing the pills with a bottle of vodka. She is taken to the emergency room, her stomach is pumped and she survives. Afterwards she meetsRead MoreAnalysis of Girl Interrupted2171 Words   |  9 PagesMovie Analysis: Girl, Interrupted. Brittany Clontz Nursing 114 Girl interrupted is a gripping tale of a girl’s maladaptation to the challenges of life. The movie focuses on a young girl named Suzanna Kaysen growing up in the 1960s and struggling with the world around her. Suzanna is admitted to Clarmoore institution after she consumes a whole bottle of aspirin and alcohol to deal with her pain. When admitted to Clarmoore she claims she was not trying to commit suicide, but that she just had a headacheRead MoreArgumentive Essay: Fraternities and Sorrorities1735 Words   |  7 Pageshit movie Animal House, college fraternities/sororities are a hotbed of excessive drinking, casual sex, vandalism, and generally licentious behavior. But, in real life, unlike the movie, the results of such conduct are hardly laughable. Even though the nationwide membership in both fraternities and sororities are at an all time high of 350,000 members, fraternities and sororities are still receiving harsh criticism from university leaders and civic authorities . In the face of several recent incidentsRead MoreEssay on The Medias Influence on Teen Violence1884 Words   |  8 PagesOn April 20, 1999, two students walked into Columbine High School armed with shot guns and explosives. The incident ended in tragic results, as fifteen families will forever set one less plate out at the dinner table. March 24, 1998, an eleven year old and a fourteen year old walked into school with hand guns, killing four and injuring ten classmates (teen-violence.com). Thirty years ago, the biggest problem that kids at school were faced with was forgetting homework or being sent to the principalsRead MoreThe Woman - Original Writing11096 Words   |  45 PagesThe woman sighed in pleasure as she lay on her back with unhidden satisfaction. Her lover lie next to her, his breathing hard, his velvety smooth skin damped from their recent coupling. She purr next to him, turning to her side and propping her arms to support her head as she gaze pleasingly over him. Bu t her smile faded as she saw his azure eyes staring at the ceiling blankly, his face grim and expressionless. When can I see you again? she heaved velvety, placing a teasing hand against his chestRead MoreLife of a Teenager7946 Words   |  32 Pagesfriends to do something like to smoke, drink, and do drugs. In most cases they tell their friends how to dress and act when around certain people. Love relationships just make it even harder for a teenager to get a good education. Some start to fail in school because they are hanging out with their boyfriend or girlfriend instead of doing their work. Throughout adolescence, teenagers are positively and negatively impacted by several relationships such as friends, family, and love relationships. FriendsRead MoreMary and Max9879 Words   |  40 PagesMary and Max It is 1976, an 8-year-old Mary Daisy Dinkle (Bethany Whitmore) is a lonely little girl living in Mount Waverley, Melbourne, Australia. Her relatively poor family cannot afford to buy her toys or nice clothing, and she is teased by children at her school due to an unfortunate birthmark on her forehead. Her father is distant and her alcoholic, kleptomaniac mother provides no support. The closest thing she has to a friend is the man for whom Mary collects mail, Len Hislop, a World WarRead MoreEssay on Buffy the Vampire Slayer5067 Words   |  21 Pages as his predicament in Nightmares (1:10) shows. His anguished though characteristically understated call, Im having a problem. I - I cant read, points to his Achilles heel. In the first three series of the show taking place in Sunnydale High, Giless lair is the library. After Buffy enrols in university, Giless bachelor flat becomes the de-facto library of the Scooby Gang. His bookishness defines him and gives him his role among the cast of protagonists. In Primeval (4.21), GilessRead MoreFrom Extravagant Movie Theatres to Lowly Bomba Houses: Investigating the Degeneration of City Spaces Along Claro M. Recto Avenue, Manila10891 Words   |  44 PagesABSTRACT Title: From extravagant movie theaters to lowly bomba houses: Investigating the degeneration of city spaces along Claro M. Recto Avenue, Manila There is a lack of understanding about the overall process of degeneration of city spaces in the Philippine setting, specifically along Claro M. Recto Avenue, Manila. This study addresses this concern by suggesting a functionalist approach, using the theories of Durkheim and Merton, in analyzing the negative consequences and implicationsRead MoreMattel Case Study8764 Words   |  36 PagesIt is written for class discussion and not to illustrate effective or ineffective management practices. Some names and facts have been changed.  © 2002 Trustees of Dartmouth College. All rights reserved. For permission to reprint, contact the Tuck School of Business at 603-646-3176. 2. Mattel, Inc. no. 1-0013 Matchbox cars at 64 million units in 1997 and growing, die-cast capacity concerned Montalto the most. Tyco manufactured the cars through joint-venture arrangements in Shanghai and Bangkok

Mental Illness Is A Medical Condition That Disrupts A...

A mental illness is a medical condition that disrupts a person s thinking, feeling, mood, ability to relate to others and daily functioning.1 Mental illnesses can be grouped into two broad categories, each representing a different aspect of a mental disorder. Axis I diagnoses are inclusive of those disorders which are most familiar and widely recognized, and typically encompass the most acute symptoms that need immediate treatment (i.e. adjustment disorders, anxiety disorders, cognitive disorders, eating disorders, mood disorders, schizophrenia, etc).2 Axis II disorders are those defined by their permanence and nebulousness. They are generally life-long problems that arise in childhood and are much less responsive to treatment than Axis I disorders are. Axis II diagnoses are comprised of personality disorders and intellectual disabilities (i.e. antisocial personality disorder, borderline personality disorder, paranoid personality disorder, etc).3 Mental disorders are highly prevale nt in the United States, with approximately one in five adults (43.7 million individuals) experiencing a mental illness in 2012. Mental disorders disproportionately affect women (prevalence among women: 22% vs men: 14.9%), and younger individuals (prevalence among those 50 years old: 40.8% vs ≠¥ 50 years old: 15.8%).4 Anxiety disorders are the most prevalent and commonly diagnosed mental illnesses, with 18.1% of adults diagnosed with panic disorder, obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD),Show MoreRelatedEssay on Speech: History of Mental Illness991 Words   |  4 PagesSpeech: History of Mental Illness Specific Purpose: To inform my audience how treatment of mental illness in America has changed. Central Idea: Treatment of mental illness in America from past, to present. INTRODUCTION I What is Mental Illness? Mental illnesses are disorders of the brain that disrupt a persons thinking, feeling, moods, and ability to relate to others-and if severe interferes with all aspects of daily living. Read MoreCriminal Profiling And The Criminal Justice System1117 Words   |  5 Pagesthere are specific psychological traits that can disconnect a person from the rest of society. Criminal profiling is the approach that an individual who commits a crime, may leave some sort of psychological evidence that can be crucial to an investigation. This theory is a vital part of the criminal justice system today. Criminology targets why individuals commit crimes and why they behave in certain situations. By understanding why a person commits a crime, you can develop ways to control crime orRead MoreMental Disorders And Criminal Behavior1293 Words   |  6 Pages Running head: MENTAL DISORDERS CRIMINAL BEHAVIOR Mental Disorders and Criminal Behavior Courtney Edwards Thomas University Abstract The purpose of this research paper is to provide information on the distinct types of mental illnesses as they correlate with criminal behavior. There are so many disorders in which exist in today’s society. These include: schizophrenia, delusional disorders, bipolar disorders, obsessive compulsive disorders, and so much more. Through compulsive researchRead MoreRelationship Between Mental Health And Addiction1470 Words   |  6 Pageslose your job and your family is in tatters. It s important to note that when substance abuse and mental illness co-occur specialized treatment is needed. First, however, you must understand the relationship between mental health and addiction in order to find the best treatment facility for your needs. Co-Occurring Disorders What are co-occurring disorders? Co-occurring disorders refers to the presence of both a substance abuse disorder and a mental disorder. These disorders, while affecting oneRead MoreThe Mystery Of Alzheimer s Disease1537 Words   |  7 Pagescauses problems with memory, thinking, and behavior. The purpose of this paper is to discuss medical definition, etiology, signs and symptoms, stages of disease progression, risk factors, diagnosis, and treatment. Alzheimer’s disease is the most common cause of dementia. Alzheimer’s disease is Ultimately fatal. Medical Definition. Alzheimer s disease is a progressive, degenerative disorder that attacks the brain s nerve cells, or neurons, resulting in loss of memory, thinking and language skills, andRead MoreThe Death Penalty And Mental Illness1594 Words   |  7 PagesThe Death Penalty and Mental Illness Receiving the death penalty is the worst and final penalty that the United States Justice System can administer, especially for those who are mentally ill. Many Americans are questioning the morality of executing mentally ill convicts, as well as the validity of the death penalty itself. These are the questions Americans should be asking, or at least putting some thought into. One might be surprised at how much knowledge one has about the death penalty and veryRead MoreAubrey Longfield. 2/11/16. Soc 102. Chapter One: Thinking1414 Words   |  6 PagesAubrey Longfield 2/11/16 SOC 102 Chapter One: Thinking About Social Problems What is a Social Problem? There are a few key points to consider when determining if something is a social problem. Some elements of a social problem may be objective and some may be subjective. The first two objective points are first that there must be some existence of a social condition, or a situation that someone has in society. Second that problems are recognized either through the things we see, or through thingsRead MoreAbnormal Psychology Essay1646 Words   |  7 Pagesand explanation of two mental disorders and two mental illnesses all taken from the psychology perspective. As the reader will see, normal and abnormal psychology as well as the mental disorders and illnesses are common issues that could happen to any person or affect any family at any time. In addition to learning about the disorders and illnesses the reader will also learn about possible therapies for treating these mental disorders and illnesses. Mental disorders and mental illnesses objectivelyRead MoreAaron Beck, An American Ps ychiatrist1188 Words   |  5 Pagesother mood problems (GoodTherapy.org). What is depression? According to Psychology Today: â€Å"Depression is an illness that increasingly afflicts people worldwide, interfering with concentration, motivation and many other aspects of human everyday functioning. It is a complex disorder, involving many systems of the body, including the immune system, either as cause or effect. Depression disrupts sleep, and loss of appetite, in some cases it causes weight loss, in other cases it cause weight gain. BecauseRead MoreBipolar Is The Most Severe Form Of This Illness1561 Words   |  7 PagesDisorder Background There are a wide range of mental disorders, also know also mental illnesses. The conditions of them affect mood, thinking, and behavior. The most common types include major depressions, anxiety disorder, schizophrenia and bipolar disorder, just to name a few. For this paper I am going to discuss and focus on bipolar I disorder being that it is the most severe form of this illness. Bipolar Disorder is a serious mental illness. Individuals with this disorder experience common

American National Standards Institute Free Essays

In every database project, there would always be requirements for the implementation of its data model. For it to work well and test its functionality, a data value might be needed. This data value will assume a value that is unknown. We will write a custom essay sample on American National Standards Institute or any similar topic only for you Order Now In relational databases, SQL server uses a placeholder called NULL that resembles unknowns. NULL sets parameters so some data modelers can avoid using it. However, just like any other technology, complications would always arise. One of these is an argument whether it’s good to use NULL or not. NULL is a condition, apart from being unknown (Poolet, 2006). However, along with its many uses are issues supported by some books that suggest minimization of using NULL. There are also a few authors who came to a point of telling to never declare a column NULL. According to them, declaring a column null would mean minor additional overhead on SQL server. Also, you must see to it that you have accounted for the NULL condition in any program that will gain access to the database most especially to those programming languages that would flag null as an error condition. The issues, however, do not necessarily suggest to avoid the use of NULL. In the first place, NULL values are created for purpose. It expresses an unknown condition that is valid. The American National Standards Institute, the provider of standardization system in USA, is supporting the use of NULL instead of empty strings. Thus, the use of NULL is just a matter of choice. References Poolet, M. A. (2006, May) Designing for Performance: Null or Not Null? SQL Server Magazine, pg. 31 How to cite American National Standards Institute, Papers

Three Qualities of a Successful Person

Question: Discuss the three characteristic of a successful person. Answer: Successful people could be defined in more than one ways and there are many characteristic, which makes a Man (Woman) successful. One of the most important characteristic feature of a successful person is that successful person should always be a good communicator[1]. Abraham Lincoln, is an example of a successful leader who could connect with the people not only with passionate words, but at the same time by using first person plurals like you, we and our, Lincoln could establish a good communication with the people. One of most important lines of Lincoln proves that he is a good communicator, America will never be destroyed from the outside. If we falter and lose our freedoms, it will be because we destroyed ourselves Along with this particular quality, there is another important quality that a successful person could have, is the quality of controlling the emotions. Controlling emotions means that in adverse situation there can be a possibility that people are losing confidence in them and at the same time, it can evoke fear as well. According to President Abraham Lincoln, a successful leader or a person should try to navigate their emotions, and this is possible if they have their larger vision or the purpose[2]. Lincoln believed that one should always be prepared for the chances yet to come, which inspires man to not to lose confidence and always to have a control over the emotions. Patient is another most important quality of a successful person and my mother had helped me to understand the patient is important to be successful. There are failures and frustration in her life but she had never taken those things personally and thus it has never turned out to be detrimental for her. References Eysenck, H.J., 2013.The structure of human personality (Psychology Revivals). Routledge. Straus, S.E., Johnson, M.O., Marquez, C. and Feldman, M.D., 2013. Characteristics of successful and failed mentoring relationships: a qualitative study across two academic health centers.Academic medicine: journal of the Association of American Medical Colleges,88(1), p.82.

Vietnam War The Vietnam War Essay Example For Students

Vietnam War The Vietnam War Essay The Vietnam War is truly one of the most unique wars ever fought by the Unites States of by any country. It was never officially declared a war (Knowll, 3). It had no official beginning nor an official end. It was fought over 10,000 miles away in a virtually unknown country. The enemy and the allies looked exactly the alike, and may by day be a friend but by night become an enemy (Aaseng 113). It matched the tried and true tactics of World War Two against a hide, run, and shoot technique known as Guerrilla Warfare. It matched some of the best trained soldiers in the world against largely an untrained militia of untrained farmers. The United States soldiers had at least a meal to look forward to unlike the Communist Vietnamese soldiers who considered a fine cuisine to be cold rice and, if lucky, rat meat. The Vietnam War matched the most technically advanced country with one of the least advanced, and the lesser advanced not only beat but humiliated the strongest military in the world (Aaseng, 111). When the war was finally showing signs of end, the Vietnamese returned to a newly unified communist country while the United Stated soldiers returned to be called baby killers, and were often spat upon. With the complexities of war already long overdrawn because of the length of the war it is no wonder the returning solders often left home confused and returned home insane. Through an examination of the Vietnam War, in particular an event know as the My Lai Massacre, and the people involved with both, it can be proven that when the threshold for violence of a person is met or exceeded, the resulting psychological scarring becomes the most prominent reason for war being hell. We will write a custom essay on Vietnam War The Vietnam War specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now Although officially, the Vietnam Conflict had neither a beginning nor an end, for the purpose of this paper it can be best examined through the decade the United States was involved: February 6, 1965 August 30, 1975. During World War Two the French had been a major ally to the United States in the defeat of Adolph Hitler and the Axis Powers. France occupied and claimed the small coastline country of Vietnam in Indochina. In this region there had been recent Communist uprisings funded by the USSR The Vietnamese were willing to accept Communism in return for what they had been fighting for over 2000 years: self rule. In 1950 the United States, owing a debt of gratitude towards France, sent several advisors to aid French control in Vietnam. Over the next decade and a half, the United States would send an entire Army and Navy to aid the French in maintaining control in South Vietnam, which had separated from the Communist North Vietnam by treaty in 1954. In early August of 1964 a small Vietcong (term used to identify South Vietnamese in favor of communism and unification) patrol boat had an encounter with a United States war ship in the Gulf of Tonkin. Gunfire was exchanged, and, in the end, President Johnson agreed to allow aggressive retaliation. On February 6, 1965, the United States began the bombing of North Vietnamese cities, marking the unofficial start of the Vietnam War (Winthrop, 853-861). In the years of the war to follow, the media began to play a role. Photo-journalists would accompany platoons on missions and, through the aid of cameras and video equipment, relate the stories to the American at home. Every night for the length of the war news programs were saturated with reports of the happenings in Vietnam and death tolls for the day. Grossly eggzrated enemy casualty numbers were reported, giving the public a false view of happenings of the war. Suddenly on January 30, 1968 a Vietcong uprising, now commonly known as the Tet Offensive, took place. Tet is the Vietnamese new year and is commonly accepted as a cease-fire. With a cease-fire in effect, most major cities defensives were less tight. As if all at once, more than one hundred South Vietnamese cities were being shelled with Vietcong gunfire. Included in the cities were Saigon, capital of South Vietnam and home to the United States Embassy. At first the Tet Offensive appeared a failure for North Vietnam. A lar ge portion of Vietcong troops were killed, and major Vietcong outposts were discovered. Most of the overtaken cities, including Saigon, had been regained. Unfortunately for the United States the timing of the Tet Offensive couldnt have been worse. For the past three years the Americans at home had been promised a swift defeat of the (so called) nearly destroyed Communists, which, after the retreating of the French, had become the main goal of the United States. Worst of all, election year was approaching, and the incumbent Richard Nixon was promising a swift plan of Vietmenization in which the war was supposed to be placed in the hands of the South Vietnamese and allow for the retreat of American soldiers. Johnson was so unconfident he didnt run for reelection. Finally, in 1972 the last United States foot soldiers were removed from Vietnam, and in 1975 the North Vietnamese over took Saigon, renaming it Ho Chi Mien City after their brilliant military leader. At this time the United S tates Embassy was surrendered, marking the end of the war (Winthrop, 861-865). As the soldiers returned home they had to adapt from a war in which over one million people were killed. There were no banners or celebrations, and as the news of events such as the My Lai Massacre spread, they were seen as ruthless killers. When these soldiers risked their lives every minute for a reason they were not told and seemingly was purposeless, and then returned to a country that despised them for what they did negative effects are emanate(Winthrop, 861-865). During the war many soldiers realized their maximum threshold for violence. When, as was the case for many soldiers, this limit was reached and even exceeded, psychological scarring is going to take place. This, combined with the return to a country that hated you for doing what you were told to do, leads to a very defective psychological behavior. .u1745bc9c9df5ed6b45a0ec4a838d0b97 , .u1745bc9c9df5ed6b45a0ec4a838d0b97 .postImageUrl , .u1745bc9c9df5ed6b45a0ec4a838d0b97 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u1745bc9c9df5ed6b45a0ec4a838d0b97 , .u1745bc9c9df5ed6b45a0ec4a838d0b97:hover , .u1745bc9c9df5ed6b45a0ec4a838d0b97:visited , .u1745bc9c9df5ed6b45a0ec4a838d0b97:active { border:0!important; } .u1745bc9c9df5ed6b45a0ec4a838d0b97 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u1745bc9c9df5ed6b45a0ec4a838d0b97 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u1745bc9c9df5ed6b45a0ec4a838d0b97:active , .u1745bc9c9df5ed6b45a0ec4a838d0b97:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u1745bc9c9df5ed6b45a0ec4a838d0b97 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u1745bc9c9df5ed6b45a0ec4a838d0b97 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u1745bc9c9df5ed6b45a0ec4a838d0b97 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u1745bc9c9df5ed6b45a0ec4a838d0b97 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u1745bc9c9df5ed6b45a0ec4a838d0b97:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u1745bc9c9df5ed6b45a0ec4a838d0b97 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u1745bc9c9df5ed6b45a0ec4a838d0b97 .u1745bc9c9df5ed6b45a0ec4a838d0b97-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u1745bc9c9df5ed6b45a0ec4a838d0b97:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Galielo EssayMarch 16, 1968 is truly a date remembered for one of the most horrendous acts ever committed by the United States. On this day, Charlie Company, 1st Battalion, 20th Infantry, under the leadership of twenty-four year old 2nd Lt. William L. Calley Jr. became responsible for the execution of over 300 Vietnamese civilians, mostly old men, women, and children. This atrocity, now known as the My Lai Massacre, opened the eyes of many to the realities of war. The infantry men of this battalion were ordered to systematically murder every inhabitant in this small South Vietnamese hamlet for suspicion of the harboring of Vietcong Soldiers. In this village no signs of Vie tcong inhabitants were found. Neither a single uniform nor a gun was found anywhere (Hersh, 11-44) . This leads one to wonder about the motives involved. Was the massacre necessarily, or was it simply an outlet for built up anger and frustration towards the very idea of the Vietnamese (Knowll, 104-110)? It is well known that the majority of United States troops didnt want to be in Vietnam. A lesser known fact is that the majority of South Vietnamese didnt want United States troops there either. Infantry men in the army were usually at the lesser end of intelligence scale because more intelligent soldiers were used more as medics or as officers. In fact, thirteen of the 130 men in Charlie Company had failed the armys basic intelligence test, which should have stopped them from even being in Vietnam (Knowll, 18). This intelligence limit means the soldiers had less comprehension skill and probably had a lower threshold for violence. Also, by this time soldiers in Vietnam had became awa re of the treatment they would receive when they returned home. Doves (a generic term for anti-war demonstrators) were well known for acts such as waiting for a solider to return home so they could harass him with questions like How many babies did you kill today? (Winthrop, 861-865). As if the war itself wasnt traumatic enough, these extra influences make the event of mental damage very possible. These issues raise the question as to whether they are simply excuses for the terrible actions such as the one at My Lai, or were the happenings such of My Lai the result of these influences. Or is it possible that the My Lai Massacre occurred for a totally different, perhaps from the anger and frustration of one man given too much power?William L. Calley Jr., born 1944, grew up in Miami Florida. He attended grammar and high school there, and in 1963 flunked out of college after earning four Fs. He became very uptight, and began smoking up to four packs of cigarettes a day. After leaving c ollege, Calley became a switchman for the East Coast Railway. In 1964 he made local headlines when he was arrested for allowing a forty-seven car freight train to block rush-hour traffic for thirty minutes.. In 1965, Calley left Florida and eventually enlisted in the Army in 1966. In spite of poor academic performance, Calley joined Officers Training School at Ft. Benning, GA and graduated without even learning to read a map. In 1967 Calley became the platoon leader for Charlie Company, 1st Battalion, 20th Infantry Captain Ernest Medina, the companys commanding officer, was a large, powerfully built man who was certainly respected, respect that he earned rather than demanded. Lt. Calley was described as being boyish-looking. He was a mere five feet-three inches tall, and seemed jealous of the respect the soldiers had for Medina (Hersh, 19). Troops under Calley said he was always trying to be the big man; always would be the one to beat them Vietnamese up. He didnt know what was goin g on half the time.(Hersh, 20) Calley, unlike Medina, placed high emphasis on respect towards himself; respect he simply demanded and wasnt willing to earn. Then, on March 16, Lt. Calley became fed up with not receiving the respect the thought the deserved. On a routine investigation of the small village of My Lai, Calley discovered an outlet for his rage (Hersh, Chpt. 2). Calley ordered for the 300 plus Vietnamese civilians to be lined up and be systematically excited, one by one while the others watched. Every civilian found was killed. The following is a portion of a letter from a GI concerning the incident:Some of the guys are so careless! Today a buddy of mine called La Dai (come here) into a hut. An old man came out of the shelter. My buddy told the man to get away from the hut, and since we have to move quickly on a sweep, just threw a hand grenade into the shelter. As he pulled the pin the old man got excited and started jabbering and running toward my buddy and the hut. A G I, not understanding, stopped the old man with a football tackle just as my buddy threw the grenade After he threw it, and was running for cover, we all heard a baby crying from inside the shelter. There was nothing we could do. After the explosion we found the mother, two children (ages about six and twelve, boy and girl), and an almost newborn baby. That is what the old man was trying to tell us! (Hersh, 12-13) November 17, 1970 Lt. Calley was tried for, and eventually convicted for, his part in the premeditated murder of 109 Oriental human beings. In a court-martial, murder is punishable by death by hanging. After a long deliberation, the jury returned a sentence of life imprisonment, of which William Calley served three years. Calley is now a successful jeweler in Columbus, Georgia (Knappmar, 598-601). .u00cb69bcfdb1249ad071bf428649d97e , .u00cb69bcfdb1249ad071bf428649d97e .postImageUrl , .u00cb69bcfdb1249ad071bf428649d97e .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u00cb69bcfdb1249ad071bf428649d97e , .u00cb69bcfdb1249ad071bf428649d97e:hover , .u00cb69bcfdb1249ad071bf428649d97e:visited , .u00cb69bcfdb1249ad071bf428649d97e:active { border:0!important; } .u00cb69bcfdb1249ad071bf428649d97e .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u00cb69bcfdb1249ad071bf428649d97e { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u00cb69bcfdb1249ad071bf428649d97e:active , .u00cb69bcfdb1249ad071bf428649d97e:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u00cb69bcfdb1249ad071bf428649d97e .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u00cb69bcfdb1249ad071bf428649d97e .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u00cb69bcfdb1249ad071bf428649d97e .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u00cb69bcfdb1249ad071bf428649d97e .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u00cb69bcfdb1249ad071bf428649d97e:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u00cb69bcfdb1249ad071bf428649d97e .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u00cb69bcfdb1249ad071bf428649d97e .u00cb69bcfdb1249ad071bf428649d97e-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u00cb69bcfdb1249ad071bf428649d97e:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: The Metamorphosis EssayWhether or not Lt. Calley was acting on order, as he claimed, or out of pure rage may never be known. It is known, however, that without the psychological stresses caused by Vietnam, the My Lai Massacre may have never happened. The remainder of this paper is an investigation of the causes and effects of those stresses in attempt to answer why, and, ideally, prevent another atrocity like the My Lai Massacre. In any war, psychological stresses are inevitable. The memory of risking ones life will not fade quickly and is reason alone enough to drive one insane. As stated previously, however, the war in Vietnam provided additional stresses. A major stress was the fact that neither the citizens of the United States nor of South Vietnam accepted American interference. A solider was usually uninformed of the intentions of their government. Soldiers are taught to carry out orders without asking questions. This could lead to a solider developing a belief that all fighting was being done in vain. Eventually, a solider would lose care in what he was doing. His self worth would lower, thus lowering his view of worth of others. When he sees all the death and destruction in what has became his world and realizes he is partly responsible, he begins to regard himself as a killer, who himself deserves death. It is highly probable that even with the end of a tour soldiers go home with this responsible kil ler attitude, and is forced back into an unaccepting society still believing he doesnt deserve to live, and often questioning why he still is. Over the years, these repressed feelings grow until they eventually become uncontrollable, and take control of the person, physically and mentally. There are two major viewpoints on the psychological effects of events such as My Lai. One of these views is from the commanded solider. If the happenings of everyday life in Vietnam are enough to drive one insane, the effects of watching and participating a massacre of over 300 innocent people are truly destructive. Months after such happenings, the soldiers are expected to return to normal, everyday civilian life. This in its self is a form of denial. The same pressures on every solider are on those witnesses to the outrages, only the witness must find a way to deal with both. Common sense leads one to deduce that if causes are extreme the results should be expected, too, to be extreme. Another viewpoint is that from the commanding officers. If Lt. Calley really was responsible for the My Lai happenings, one must wonder why he wanted it to happen. Perhaps the officer was simply fed up with the war situation. He may have been tires of having responsibility for not only himself, but for all the soldiers he commanded. Not knowing the enemy from the ally could cause a situation like the fish in water tactic. This method, which was used highly as a rationalization, stated that one way to be sure to catch a fish would be to eliminate the water, just as a method killing Charlie would be to kill all Vietnamese. It can also be said, however, that the commanding officer isnt to blame, but his commanders are. Not being in the war could lead to a sense of dehumanization towards the Vietnamese, so it becomes easier to order a massacre from Washington than to become part of one in Vietnam. One must also remember, however, that the highest rank in the army is the President, and th e citizens are directly responsible for whom this may be. Through this research, it has been proven that because of events such the My Lai massacre in Vietnam there were certainly psychological changes in those involved. Todays writers too often get caught up in what the media wants the people to believe. The only way to aquire pure, unedited information is to speak personally to someone who has experienced events such as the one mentioned. No matter what their view of the war is, when asked if war will change a person the most common response will be Nobody ever returns the same (Knowll, 127) (Mahan Interview). With the certainty of scarring evident, one must begin to question why this scarring happens and why people have a threshold for violence. The most obvious and most correct response is that war wasnt meant to be. If people were designed with a threshold, it wasnt meant to be exceeded. This leads one to deduce that although sometimes seemingly necessary, war is hell and it is wrong.